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Detection of critical road roughness sections by trend analysis and investigation of driver speed interaction

Meltem SAPLIOGLU; Ayse UNAL; Melek BOCEK

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期页码 515-532 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0814-4

摘要： Pavement roughness (IRI—International Roughness Index values) influence the stability of traffic movements both on intercity roads and urban roads. This study is to determine the exact locations of critical pavement roughness values that affect traffic motion stability and comfort in city centre highway arteries. Roughness data with 10 m intervals were collected on a 3140 m divided road containing three consecutive signalized intersections in the city centre arterial. These data were analysed using the distance-dependent Mann-Kendall trend analysis method and checkerboard model. The sections where roughness is important were determined at a 95% confidence interval. The results will show where future pavement improvements should be prioritized for municipalities and road maintenance engineers and will form a basis for the urban road management system.

关键词： trend analysis checkerboard model IRI driver speed

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The Development and Comparative Analysis of Engineering Project Management Modes

Ji-wei Zhu,Li-nan Zhou,Ming-yuan Yu,Zhao Zhai

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第4期页码 351-358 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015060

摘要： Engineering project management is the whole process of project construction management activities up to the point of achieving the goals of engineering construction, which adopts the means of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. In addition, engineering project management modes are the works of project management and the technical guarantee of project success. For the quality and efficient transformation demands of the Chinese construction industry in the process of marketization, internationalization and informatization, based on the connotation and development path of engineering project management modes, the 16 main and new kinds of project management modes both domestically and abroad are divided into trading mode, financing mode and management mode. These have led to comparative analysis and brief commentary. Finally, it will be pointed out that the engineering project management modes move throughout the whole management process, the combined model and the expansion development of financing model. This work will provide reference for project participants to choose the appropriate project management modes and better understand building company transformation.

关键词： engineering projects management mode comparative analysis development trend

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齿轮技术的创新和发展趋势

梁桂明

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第3期页码 1-6

摘要：

最早的齿轮是怎样发明出来的？它源于何方？用于何处？——这是近百年来人们在探索的一个谜。两千年前，在中国、印度、希腊、罗马、埃及出土和出水的铸铁齿轮与青铜齿轮似乎解开了这个谜。其实不然，它们只是第2代齿轮。第1代齿轮是木制齿轮。它源于四千年前，各文明古国发明水力机械中伴生。这是由于这些文明古国聚居大河与海湾，与水有“缘分”所致。第2代齿轮的辉煌点表现在公元前200年中国的发明 ——指南车上。它在世界上第一次发明了差动机构，第一次实现半自动控制机构，第一次出现有走向功能的机器人。1800年工业革命带来了第3代齿轮，其特征是用直刃刀具成批生产渐开线的钢制齿轮形成了现代齿轮的技术平台。进人21世纪，以高强度复合材料代替资源匮乏的钢材，标志着新一代（第4代）齿轮的到来，它将与知识经济共存。未来50年齿轮创新的趋势，是追求小化、净化、静化，高可靠性、高强度、高转速和低材耗、低能耗、低重量。

关键词：齿轮创新发展趋势

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养殖业“十三五”发展趋势与政策建议

“养殖业十三五规划战略研究”项目组

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第1期页码 17-21 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.01.003

摘要：

“十三五”期间乃至未来一段时间内，我国养殖产品需求仍呈刚性增长，但是养殖业面临资源短缺日趋严重、环境制约日益加剧等不利局面，同时面临国际竞争对国内产业冲击加剧等新的形势，未来我国养殖业必须走可持续发展道路。本文基于对我国养殖业的发展现状、可持续发展所面临的挑战，形成对我国养殖业可持续发展形势的基本判断，针对“十三五”，凝练了养殖业可持续发展的战略目标、基本原则和战略重点，并提出了“进一步明确养殖业在现代农业中的战略主导地位”“合理利用国际市场保障我国食物安全”“加快启动和实施一批养殖科技重点研发计划”等重大建议，为我国养殖业加快发展方式转变、实现现代化提供理论支撑。

关键词：养殖业可持续发展十三五趋势分析食物安全

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Trend detection and stochastic simulation prediction of streamflow at Yingluoxia hydrological station

Chenglong ZHANG,Mo LI,Ping GUO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 81-96 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016112

摘要： Investigating long-term variation and prediction of streamflow are critical to regional water resource management and planning. Under the continuous influence of climate change and human activity, the trends of hydrologic time series are nonstationary, and consequently the established methods for hydrological frequency analysis are no longer applicable. Five methods, including the linear regression, nonlinear regression, change point analysis, wavelet analysis and Hilbert-Huang transformation, were first selected to detect and identify the deterministic and stochastic components of streamflow. The results indicated there was a significant long-term increasing trend. To test the applicability of these five methods, a comprehensive weighted index was then used to assess their performance. This index showed that the linear regression was the best method. Secondly, using the normality test for stochastic components separated by the linear regression method, a normal distribution requirement was satisfied. Next, the Monte Carlo stochastic simulation technique was used to simulate these stochastic components with normal distribution, and thus a new ensemble hydrological time series was obtained by combining the corresponding deterministic components. Finally, according to these outcomes, the streamflow at different frequencies in 2020 was predicted.

关键词： Monte Carlo nonstationary trend detection streamflow prediction decomposition and ensemble Yingluoxia

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Temporal trend of mortality from major cancers in Xuanwei, China

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 487-495 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0413-z

摘要：

Although a number of studies have examined the etiology of lung cancer in Xuanwei County, China, other types of cancer in this county have not been reported systematically. This study aimed to investigate the temporal trend of eight major cancers in Xuanwei County using data from three mortality surveys (1973–1975, 1990–1992, and 2004–2005). The Chinese population in 1990 was used as a standard population to calculate age-standardized mortality rates. Cancers of lung, liver, breast, brain, esophagus, leukemia, rectum, and stomach were identified as the leading cancers in this county in terms of mortality rate. During the three time periods, lung cancer remained as the most common type of cancer. The mortality rates for all other types of cancer were lower than those of the national average, but an increasing trend was observed for all the cancers, particularly from 1990–1992 to 2004–2005. The temporal trend could be partly explained by changes in risk factors, but it also may be due to the improvement in cancer diagnosis and screening. Further epidemiological studies are warranted to systematically examine the underlying reasons for the temporal trend of the major cancers in Xuanwei County.

关键词： cancer mortality Xuanwei temporal trend

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中国仪器仪表工程科技2035发展趋势研究

王雪,张莉

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第1期页码 103-107 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.01.015

摘要：

仪器仪表工程科技是智能制造、科学研究、环境监测、医疗健康、国防建设等必不可少的基础技术和装备核心。仪器仪表工程科技作为实现国家创新驱动战略的重要支撑，其发展水平决定新兴信息产业、高端装备制造业、新能源和新材料等战略性新兴产业的发展。本文分析了仪器仪表领域2035年的发展目标，围绕新型仪器仪表的数字化、智能化、网络化的发展趋势，从智能仪器仪表、医疗仪器和微机电系统（MEMS）三个领域阐述了未来我国仪器仪表工程科技领域的发展方向及关键技术，提出了2035年我国仪器仪表工程科技领域的总体趋势。

关键词：仪器仪表智能仪器仪表医疗仪器微机电系统趋势分析

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张涛：智能无人系统研究与应用趋势分析（2020年8月18日）

2022年10月17日

关键词：农业科学

Allocation of grassland, livestock and arable based on the spatial and temporal analysis for food demand

Huilong LIN, Ruichao LI, Yifan LIU, Jingrong ZHANG, Jizhou REN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 69-80 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017140

摘要： To explore the distribution of food demand and the projected trend in future food demand in China, this paper analyzed the change in current (1998–2012) per-capita demand for grain, grain-consuming and herbivorous livestock products, and predicted the food demand in 2020. The results indicated that in 1998–2012, the national per-capita consumption of grain ration declined by about 36.66%, and the per-capita consumption of grain-consu-ming and herbivorous livestock products increased by about 48% and 34.09%, respectively. The grain-consu-ming livestock products have become the primary source of both calories and protein for consumers. The proportion of herbivorous livestock products in consumer diets has increased steadily and there has been huge potential in substituting beef and mutton for pork in this dynamic market. The demand for food in different provinces of China is highly variable, which is important for planning grassland agriculture development and ensuring food safety. The demand for grain, and grain-consuming and herbivorous livestock products will increase by about 3.3%, 20% and 14% respectively by 2020. Based on the food demand and trend in the development of grassland agriculture, the 31 provinces in China are divided into three priority groups for grassland agriculture development.

关键词： arable land equivalent unit (ALEU) food equivalent unit (FEU) food security grassland agriculture time trend prediction

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Atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing—A trend in manufacturing development

Fengzhou FANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第4期页码 325-327 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0402-1

摘要：

Manufacturing is the foundation of a nation’s economy. It is the primary industry to promote economic and social development. To accelerate and upgrade China’s manufacturing sector from “precision manufacturing” to “high-performance and high-quality manufacturing”, a new breakthrough should be found in terms of achieving a “leap-frog development”. Unlike conventional manufacturing, the fundamental theory of “Manufacturing 3.0” is beyond the scope of conventional theory; rather, it is based on new principles and theories at the atomic and/or close-to-atomic scale. Obtaining a dominant role at the international level is a strategic move for China’s progress.

关键词： atomic manufacturing Manufacturing 3.0 Manufacturing 2025 Industry 4.0

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Innovation-driven trend shaping COVID-19 vaccine development in China

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1034-6

摘要： Confronted with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, China has become an asset in tackling the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission and mutation, with several innovative platforms, which provides various technical means in this persisting combat. Derived from collaborated researches, vaccines based on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 or inactivated whole virus are a cornerstone of the public health response to COVID-19. Herein, we outline representative vaccines in multiple routes, while the merits and plights of the existing vaccine strategies are also summarized. Likewise, new technologies may provide more potent or broader immunity and will contribute to fight against hypermutated SARS-CoV-2 variants. All in all, with the ultimate aim of delivering robust and durable protection that is resilient to emerging infectious disease, alongside the traditional routes, the discovery of innovative approach to developing effective vaccines based on virus properties remains our top priority.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 vaccine vaccine development

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研发全球化是经济全球化的新趋势

张彦仲

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第9期页码 14-17

摘要：

分析了经济全球化对世界发展产生的重大影响，提出研发全球化是经济全球化的一个新阶段；研究了研发全球化的机遇与挑战及对经济全球化的促进和影响；分析了跨国公司在中国设立研发机构的特点；提出了鼓励在发展中国家建立研发机构的措施及发展中国家应采取的对策。

关键词：研发全球化经济全球化跨国公司研发中心新趋势

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The development trend and practical innovation of smart cities under the integration of new technologies

Xiaohong CHEN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 485-502 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0057-9

摘要： Smart cities have rapidly developed in the context of the integration of new digital technologies such as big data, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, blockchains, and virtual reality. These cities have conducted practical innovations and typical cases in many sectors, such as in government, transportation, environmental protection, energy, medical care, and logistics, and have produced many social, economic, and ecological benefits. However, there are still some problems that continue to hinder the construction of smart cities. This paper examines such problems in depth and proposes some relevant countermeasures and suggestions.

关键词： new technology integration smart city big data practical innovation